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NmF2 Local Empirical Model Above Kaliningrad
 
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Markov A.V., I. Kant Baltic Federal University, e-mail: aleksandr_markov_94@mail.ru
 Klimenko M.V., Kaliningrad Branch of Pushkov IZMIRAN, e-mail: maksim.klimenko@mail.ru
 Abdullaev A.R., Kant Baltic Federal University, e-mail: alish3@mail.ru
 Pustovalova L.V., Pushkov IZMIRAN, e-mail: pustoval@izmiran.ru
 Korenkova N.A., Kaliningrad Branch of Pushkov IZMIRAN, e-mail: ninakoral@gmail.com
 Leshchenko V.S., Kaliningrad Branch of Pushkov IZMIRAN
 
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To create a local model of the electron density at F2 layer maximum of the ionosphere, NmF2, over Kaliningrad, the data of the 
magnetic-ionospheric observatory in the Ulyanovka village (25 km from Kaliningrad) for the period 2008-2015 were used.
In the model, daily (monthly) variations of NmF2 are calculated for each month as a function of solar and geomagnetic activity. 
As an index of solar activity, the index F10.7, was taken from the Web-site 
lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/tss/noaa_radio_flux.html, 
which was averaged over 27 days, including 26 days preceding the day of measurement. 
To describe the dependence of NmF2 on geomagnetic activity, the daily average of the Ap index was calculated over 27 days, 
the data for which were taken from the Web-site 
wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kp/index.html. 
For the construction of the model, 27-day median (mid-day 22) daily NmF2 variations were obtained for 12 months of each year in the 2008-2015. 
For each hour of local time (LT) and every month, based on the obtained NmF2 values and F10.7 by the least squares method, 
linear regression coefficients were calculated that determine the dependence of the NmF2 values on solar activity in the following 
form  
<NmF2>27 = a0 + a1 × (<F10.7>27 - 70). 
In this representation, the coefficient a0 has the meaning of the NmF2 value in the minimum of solar activity 
at <F10.7> 27 = 70, and the coefficient a1 determines the NmF2 dependence on solar activity. 
In addition, on the basis of the same data and averaged Ap index by the method of least squares, the coefficients of the double linear regression 
determining the NmF2 dependence on the solar and geomagnetic activity from the formula 
<NmF2>27 = 
b0 + b1 × (< F10.7>27 - 70) + b2 × (<Ap>27 - 4). 
In this representation, the coefficient b0 determines the NmF2 values in the minimum of solar activity 
at <F10.7>27 = 70 and minimum of geomagnetic activity at <Ap>27 = 4, the coefficient 
b1 determines the NmF2 dependence on solar activity, and the coefficient b2 determines 
the NmF2 dependence on the geomagnetic activity. 
For the described dependencies, the mean square deviation of the observations from the results of linear regression was calculated by the formula, 
where  <NmF2>27 = a0 + a1 × (<F10.7>27 - 70) 
is the result of linear regression, and <NmF2>27 are the averaged values of the observation data.  
MSE for linear regression is not greater than MSE for a double linear regression.
 
In the online version of the local empirical model of the NmF2 over Kaliningrad, the user has the opportunity to consider 
or not take into account the NmF2 dependence on geomagnetic activity. 
To obtain the results, user must select the month from 1 to 12, set the values of solar and geomagnetic activity indices averaged 
over the previous 27 days. The local model calculates for the selected or each hour of LT the NmF2 value and the standard deviation. 
 
 
 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe thank the co-workers of the Kaliningrad Magnetic-Ionospheric Observatory for the ionospheric data and the NOAA command for providing 
data on the solar activity index F10.7 
( www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/ GEOMAG/kp_ap.html ). 
The work was carried out with the financial support of the program to improve competitiveness "5-100" I. Kant BFU.
 
 
 
REFERENCES
 
Markov A. V., Klimenko M. V., Abdullaev A. R., Chirik N. V., Ratovsky K. G., Klimenko V. V., Korenkova N. A., Leshchenko V. S., Panchenko V. A. 
Daily variations of NmF2 values in January 2008-2015 depending on solar and geomagnetic activity 
// XXV Open All-Russian Sci. Conf. "Radio Waves Propagation", Ded. 80th Anniversary of Russian Ionospheric Research. 
July 4 - 9, 2016, Tomsk: Conf. Proc. - Tomsk, 2016. - Vol. 1. - P. 270 - 273 (in Russian).
Markov A. V., Klimenko M. V.,  Abdullaev A. R. Influence of solar and geomagnetic activity on diurnal variations of NmF2 
in winter at mid-latitudes // Bulletin of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University. Ser .: Physical-mathematical and technical sciences, 
2016. - No. 4. - P. 60 - 67 (in Russian).
Markov A. V., Klimenko M. V., Abdullaev A. R., Ratovsky K. G., Klimenko V. V.,  Korenkova N. A., Leshchenko V. S., Panchenko V. A. 
Dependence on the solar and geomagnetic activity of daily NmF2 values over mid-latitude stations // Chemical Physics. - 2017. (in press).
Markov A. V., Klimenko M. V., Korenkova N. A., Leshchenko V. S., Abdullaev A. R., Ratovsky K. G., Vesnin A. M. 
Daytime NmF2 anomalous dependence from solar activity in the middle and subauroral latitudes in january 2012-2015 // Proc. 
39th Annual Seminar "Physics of Auroral Phenomena", Apatity. - 2016. - V. 39. - No 1(40). - P. 97 - 100.
 
 
 
 
 
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